Stories
How Air Pollution and Smog Impact Male and Female Fertility
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News18•14-10-2026, 20:30
How Air Pollution and Smog Impact Male and Female Fertility
- •Air quality across India has declined significantly, raising concerns about the effects of smog on reproductive health beyond just respiratory issues.
- •Studies indicate that prolonged exposure to fine particulate matter PM2.5 can cause oxidative stress and inflammation, potentially affecting sperm concentration, motility, and morphology in men.
- •In women, air pollutants have been linked to disruptions in hormonal regulation, ovarian function, and adverse pregnancy outcomes like preterm birth and low birth weight.
- •Fertility specialists emphasize that while smog is a contributing factor, it is not the sole cause of infertility; age, lifestyle, and underlying medical conditions must also be evaluated.
- •Couples planning a pregnancy can reduce exposure by limiting outdoor activities during severe pollution, wearing N95 masks, using indoor air purifiers, and seeking timely medical evaluations for fertility concerns.
Key Questions Answered
Exposure to fine particulate matter like PM2.5 and nitrogen dioxide triggers oxidative stress and inflammation, which can negatively impact sperm concentration, motility, morphology, and DNA integrity.
In women, air pollution is linked to altered hormonal regulation, ovarian function, and a modified uterine environment that can affect embryo implantation, potentially increasing risks for preterm birth and low birth weight.
Couples can limit outdoor time during high pollution alerts, avoid strenuous exercise in heavy smog, wear well-fitted N95 masks, use indoor air filtration, and maintain healthy lifestyle habits like a balanced diet and avoiding tobacco smoke.
